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1.
Hamdard Medicus. 2009; 52 (1): 65-72
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-111554

ABSTRACT

Even after nearly 100 years of research, diabetes is the fourth leading killer disease in the developed world. Over 200 million diabetics live worldwide, accounting for huge economic and social burden. Thus the development of new effective therapeutic agents is the major thrust for research and is germane in both the national and international scenario. In India, diabetes is projected to three-fold increase, from 19.4 million in 1995 to 57.2 million in 2025. Here is a review on some of the recent medicinally active agents used against diabetes mellitus


Subject(s)
Thiazolidinediones/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin Resistance
2.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 50(2): 271-280, abr. 2006. ilus, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435154

ABSTRACT

O diabetes mellitus (DM) é considerado um problema de saúde pública em países devido às suas complicações crônicas macro e microvasculares, com grande impacto na morbimortalidade dos pacientes. A doença é o estágio final de uma síndrome crônica e progressiva, cujas anormalidades fisiopatológicas iniciam-se anos antes do diagnóstico clínico da doença. A síndrome metabólica (SM) é conseqüente ao aumento mundial da prevalência de obesidade. O DM é freqüentemente associado com condições clínicas e laboratoriais que fazem parte da SM, como a obesidade, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e microalbuminúria, também fatores de risco cardiovascular. Estudos populacionais demonstram aumento na prevalência de todos os fatores que compõem esta síndrome do pré-diabetes ao DM manifesto, resultando em elevada prevalência de doença cardiovascular e morbimortalidade. Estima-se que >80 por cento dos pacientes com DM apresentem SM. As glitazonas são agonistas PPAR-gama que melhoram a sensibilidade insulínica. Estas drogas induzem à transcrição de genes relacionados ao metabolismo glicídico e lipídico e à expressão de proteínas inflamatórias e endoteliais associadas com o processo aterosclerótico, resultando em melhora da função endotelial. Entretanto, algumas questões relacionadas às glitazonas merecem mais estudos, como a causa de seus efeitos colaterais (ganho de peso, edema e desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva).


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries due to its chronic complications, at the macro or microcirculation, with great impact on mortality and morbidity in all patients. The disease is considered the end of a pathophysiologic process involving peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion that have been started years before the clinical diagnosis. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disorder that results from the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. DM is frequently associated with clinical and laboratory features of MS, like abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and microalbuminuria that are also risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Populational studies have demonstrated increasing prevalence of all the features of MS from pre-diabetes to clinical DM resulting in a great risk of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of MS in DM type 2 is estimated to be >80 percent. Glitazones are PPAR-gamma agonists that improve insulin sensitivity. These drugs induce the transcription of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, and expression of inflammatory and endothelial proteins associated with atherosclerosis process resulting in an improvement in endothelial function. However several questions need to be clarified regarding the glitazones, in special those associated with their adverse effects such as weight gain, edema and heart failure.


Subject(s)
Humans , /physiopathology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Thiazolidinediones , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Lipid Metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/physiology , Thiazolidinediones/chemistry , Thiazolidinediones/metabolism , Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
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